解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Cell death in the oligodendrocyte lineage occurs during development and in pathological conditions as the result of a balance between opposing molecular signals. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of activation of signal transduction pathways affecting life/death decisions in progenitor cells and in matur...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(20000115)29:2<124::aid-gli
更新日期:2000-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is considered to be a major factor in protection of nervous tissue against excitotoxic and ischemic/hypoxic lesion. Controversial reports about the localization of SOD after such an insult prompted us to re-investigate immunocytochemically the localization of the enzyme in the brain and spin...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(20000101)29:1<25::aid-glia
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Astrocytic proliferation and hypertrophy (astrogliosis) are associated with neuronal injury. However, neither the temporal nor the spatial relationship between astrocytes and injured neurons is clear, especially in neurodegenerative diseases. We investigated these questions in a mouse amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (AL...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reorganization of the adult dentate gyrus following unilateral entorhinal cortex lesion (ECL) is a well-established model for studying mechanisms of trauma-induced neuronal plasticity. The lesion induces deafferentiation of the outer molecular layer, which is accompanied by a strong astroglial reaction. This glial res...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system leading to selective destruction of myelin sheaths and/or oligodendrocytes. The immunological mechanisms responsible for myelin destruction and the primary target of the immune response have not yet been identified. Prior studies h...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Free glycine is known to have vital functions in the mammalian brain, where it serves mainly as both neurotransmitter and neuromodulator. Despite its importance, little is known about the metabolic pathways of glycine synthesis and degradation in the central nervous system. In this study, the pathway of glycine metabo...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199909)27:3<239::aid-glia5
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs) envelop axonal terminals and are physiologically distinct from the nearby myelinating Schwann cells (MSCs), which surround the same innervating motor axons. PSCs have special functions at the neuromuscular synapse, where they detect and can modulate neurotransmitter release. Although ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199908)27:2<101::aid-glia1
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperpolarizing responses in neuropil glial cells evoked by nerve root stimulation were studied in the central nervous system of the leech Hirudo medicinalis using intracellular recording and extracellular stimulation techniques. From a mean resting potential of -60.5 +/- 1.0, the glial membrane was hyperpolarized by ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199907)27:1<32::aid-glia4>
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dorsal root entry zone is a PNS-CNS junction between Schwann cells and astrocytes, defining the site where dorsal root ganglia (DRG) axons enter the adult mammalian spinal cord. Following dorsal root injury (rhizotomy), DRG axons regenerate within the PNS environment of the root but stop at the DREZ and fail to re...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing evidence supports an essential role for interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the development, differentiation, as well as de- and re-generation of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). Both IL-6 and its specific receptor (IL-6R) are expressed on neurons and glial cells including astrocytes. In this study, we have...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199905)26:3<191::aid-glia1
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and its receptor TrkC are known to be important for neuronal survival. More recently, NT-3 has been implicated as playing a role in oligodendrocyte (OL) proliferation and survival in vitro. Examination of NT-3 and TrkC knockout mice revealed a reduction in NT-3-dependent neurons. To date, no stud...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regeneration in the adult central nervous system (CNS) is thought to be hampered by the lesion-induced activation of astrocytes and meningeal cells and the consecutive formation of a glial scar. The substrate properties of reactive astrocytes differ significantly from their neonatal counterparts, which promote axon gr...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199903)26:1<36::aid-glia4>
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We characterized morphological effects of the endogenous excitotoxin, glutamate in ex vivo retinal segments prepared from 30-day-old rats. Initial changes induced by glutamate consisted of reversible, sodium-dependent Müller cell swelling. This glial swelling was mimicked by glutamate transport substrates but not by i...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is a predominant water channel protein in mammalian brains, localized in the astrocyte plasma membrane. The regulation of AQP4 is believed to be important for the homeostasis of water in the brain, but the AQP4 regulatory mechanisms are not yet known. In this study, we investigated the effect of a p...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is now generally accepted that massive neuronal death due to oxidative stress is a regular feature of brains in neurodegenerative diseases. However, much less attention has been given to the death of glial cells. In this study, we examined p53-sensitive apoptosis of cells by using human glioblastoma A172 cells and ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::The possibility of a modular organization of non-neuronal elements was analyzed in the opercular region of the striate neocortex in adult New World monkeys. For this purpose, and in order to follow possible correlations in the general organization of neuronal and astroglial elements, immunocytochemical procedures for ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interactions between astrocytes and endothelial cells are believed to play an important role in the control of blood-brain barrier permeability and transport. Astrocytes and endothelial cells respond to a variety of stimuli with an increase of intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) that is propagated to adjacent cells a...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::C-erbB receptor/neuregulin signalling plays a significant role in Schwann cell function. In vivo, Schwann cells up-regulate expression of c-erbB receptors in the first month after injury, but receptor expression is down-regulated with time to levels that are not detectable immunohistochemically. The inability of chron...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) is a Ca2+ binding peptide expressed predominantly by activated monocytes. In order to investigate the role of AIF-1 in autoimmune lesions of the rat nervous system, we have used a synthetic gene to express AIF-1 in E. coli and have produced monoclonal antibodies against AIF-1. A...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199810)24:2<244::aid-glia9
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gap junctions are regarded as the primary pathway underlying propagation of Ca2+ waves between astrocytes, although signaling through extracellular space may also contribute. Results obtained from astrocytes cultured from sibling Cx43 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice in six litters showed that Ca2+ waves propagat...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199809)24:1<65::aid-glia7>
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The extrasynaptic region of the squid giant nerve fiber exhibits neuron-Schwann cell interactions that appear to involve glutamate as a mediator. In an earlier work, it was demonstrated that the periaxonal sheaths of such nerves (where the Schwann cells are located) possess the capacity to transport glutamate. However...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199808)23:4<298::aid-glia2
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The properties of glial cells in lesioned nerves contribute quite substantially to success or failure of axon regeneration in the CNS. Goldfish retinal axons regenerate after optic nerve lesion (ONS) and express the L1-like cell adhesion protein E587 antigen on their surfaces. Goldfish oligodendrocytes in vitro also p...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Severe transient focal cerebral ischemia causes brain infarction with a strong glial reaction. We have studied whether postischemic reactive glial cells express epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) following middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. We have also looked for signs of proliferating activity, as EGF...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199806)23:2<120::aid-glia3
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the increasing evidence for a prominent role played by the perivascular endfeet of astrocytes in the functional metabolic coupling between astrocytes and neurons, a clear picture of their spatial organization is still lacking. To examine the three-dimensional structure of the astrocyte endfeet and their relati...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The normal adult vertebrate nervous system is a relative quiescent tissue in terms of cell proliferation. However, astrocytes in many regions of the central nervous system (CNS) retain the capacity to undergo cell division. To examine the mechanisms that regulate the proliferation of astrocytes in the CNS we have util...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199804)22:4<379::aid-glia7
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum is used widely for culturing neurons and glial cells, and is thought to provide essential, albeit undefined, factors such as hormones, growth factors, and trace elements that promote the growth of cells in vitro. Moreover, serum can have profound effects on cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell morpholog...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199803)22:3<237::aid-glia3
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with immune-mediated pathogenesis is frequently associated with enhanced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on resident glial cells, including astrocytes. Recently, a soluble form of ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) has been demonstrated within the CNS and cerebrospina...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199802)22:2<103::aid-glia1
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Astrocytes play a critical role in the development of the CNS and its response to injury and disease. A key indicator of astrocyte activation is the increased accumulation of intermediate filaments composed of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Treatment of astrocytes in vitro with transforming growth factor-beta...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199802)22:2<202::aid-glia1
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Replication-defective Moloney murine leukemia virus expressing the GAD67 gene under the control of the GFAP promoter was produced using selected clones of a fibroblast-packaging cell line. A spontaneously immortalized astrocyte cell line was infected with this virus and cellular clones expressing GAD67 selected. Astro...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199801)22:1<86::aid-glia8>
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have shown previously that switching of the alpha v-associated beta1 and beta5 integrin subunits during differentiation of myelin-forming oligodendrocytes may regulate important aspects of cell behaviour such as migration (Milner et al., 1996: J Neurosci 16:7240-7252). In this study we have examined the development...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In non-excitable cells, stimulation of phosphoinositide (PI) turnover and inhibition of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+-ATPase are methods commonly used to deplete calcium stores, resulting in a capacitative Ca2+ influx (i.e., Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ influx). Since this Ca2+ influx in glial cells has not been ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199711)21:3<315::aid-glia6
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The idea of a metabolic coupling between neurons and astrocytes in the brain has been entertained for about 100 years. The use recently of simple and well-compartmentalized nervous systems, such as the honeybee retina or purified preparations of neurons and glia, provided strong support for a nutritive function of gli...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compared the inward K+ currents of Müller glial cells from healthy and pathologically changed human retinas. To this purpose, the whole-cell voltage-clamp technique was performed on noncultured Müller cells acutely isolated from human retinas. Cells originated from retinas of four healthy organ donors and of 24 pat...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199707)20:3<210::aid-glia5
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two membrane-localized transporter proteins (GLYT1 and GLYT2) are responsible for removal of extracellular glycine in the mammalian CNS. Whereas GLYT1 seems to be expressed mainly in glial cells, GLYT2 is neuronal. The highest concentrations of both transporters are found in glycinergic areas of the nervous system. Th...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199706)20:2<155::aid-glia7
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The addition of isolated neurons to monolayers of cultured astrocytes induced a morphological change in the astrocytes that came into contact with the added neuronal cell bodies or neurites. The change, which included an increase in the complexity of cell shape, took at least 3 days to become detectable and was enhanc...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199705)20:1<1::aid-glia1>3
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The red nucleus (RN) has been widely used to study the formation and remodeling of synaptic connections during development and in post-lesion plasticity. Since glial cells are thought to contribute to synaptic plasticity, and information on functional properties of brain stem glia is missing, we analyzed voltage-gated...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the optic nerve, as an analogous tissue to brain white matter, to assess possible relationships between changes in the blood-nerve barrier, axonal integrity, and astrocyte morphology in the central nervous system during fatal murine cerebral malaria (FMCM). In the FMCM model, namely, CBA mice infected with...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199702)19:2<135::aid-glia5
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intracellular pH (pHi) was measured at 37 degrees C in mature rat cerebellar oligodendrocytes dissociated in culture by using the pH-sensitive probe BCECF. Cells were identified by anti-galactocerebroside antibody. The mean steady-state pHi was 7.02 in the absence of CO2/bicarbonate (Hepes-buffered solution) at an ext...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199701)19:1<74::aid-glia8>
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurons in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs) are known to preserve morphological and physiological features of the in vivo situation; however, little is known about the properties of microglial cells under these in vitro conditions. In this study, we addressed the question whether microglial cells in OHSC...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199612)18:4<319::aid-glia6
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glial cells have been shown to express several biophysically and pharmacology distinct potassium channel types. However, the molecular identity of most glial K+ channels is unknown. We have developed an antibody specific for the Shaker type potassium channel Kv1.5 protein, and demonstrate by immunohistochemistry the p...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(199611)18:3<177::AID-GLIA2
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00